Information about; Ecology, ecosystem, ecovillage, ecological design, ecological agriculture, deep ecology, applied ecology, ecologist, ecosophy, ecosystem services, environment, habitat, nature, holism, holistic view, gaia, general systems theory, Permaculture, biodiversity, Sustainability, sustainable development, green architecture, green energy, adaptive systems, agenda 21, Agroecology, clean technology, Amory Lovins, Arne Naess, Bill Mollison, biological diversity, biologist, biomimicry, bioneers, biotic, citta slow, climate, conservation, David Holmgren, desertification, ecological footprint, endemic, evolution, examen hilosophicum, exphil, food security, food safety, global warming, green revolution, harmony, hydroponics, Jacque Fresco, Jaime Lerner, James Lovelock, Janine Benyus, Lester Brown, Life, Masanobu Fukuoka, Millennium Development Goals, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, natural resources, natural selection, One-Straw Revolution, open systems, organic agriculture, organism, permakültür, phenomenological ecology, philosophy of biology, philosophy of environment, pollution, Rachel Carson, Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, Recycling, relationship between religion and science, renewable energy, Resource-Based Economy, secure development, Silent Spring, spiral island, Richie Sowa, space syntax, vitalism, William McDonough, world summit, Eco-municipalities, Cradle to Cradle, The Venus Project, The Zeitgeist Movement, World Cities Summit https://www.ecology.gen.tr/biographies.feed 2018-11-22T06:23:18+00:00 Ecolog1 Joomla! - Open Source Content Management 2017-02-09T10:17:52+00:00 2017-02-09T10:17:52+00:00 https://www.ecology.gen.tr/biographies/84-arne-naess.html Sonay Demir Erdal

<p><strong><img style="float: right; margin-right: 20px; margin-left: 20px;" src="https://www.ecology.gen.tr/images/ECOLOGY2/arne-naess-2004.jpg" alt="Arne Naess" width="260" height="346" /></strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Arne Dekke Eide Næss</strong> (27 January 1912 – 12 January 2009) was the founder of deep ecology.<sup id="cite_ref-1"><a href="/environment-ecology.com/biographies/194-arne-naess.html#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup> He was the youngest person to be appointed full professor at the University of Oslo.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Næss cited <strong>Rachel Carson</strong>'s 1962 book <em><strong>Silent Spring</strong></em> as being a key influence in his vision of <strong>deep ecology</strong>. Næss combined his ecological vision with Gandhian nonviolence and on several occasions participated in direct action. In 1970, together with a large number of demonstrators, he chained himself to rocks in front of Mardalsfossen, a waterfall in a Norwegian fjord, and refused to descend until plans to build a dam were dropped. Though the demonstrators were carried away by police and the dam was eventually built, the demonstration launched a more activist phase of Norwegian environmentalism<sup id="cite_ref-2"><a href="/environment-ecology.com/biographies/194-arne-naess.html#cite_note-2">[3]</a></sup>. In 1958, Arne Næss founded the interdiciplinary journal of philosophy <em>Inquiry</em>.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Næss had been a minor political candidate for the Norwegian Green Party.<sup id="cite_ref-3"><a href="/environment-ecology.com/biographies/194-arne-naess.html#cite_note-3">[4]</a></sup></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Næss was a noted mountaineer, who in 1950 led the expedition that made the first ascent of Tirich Mir (7,708 m). The Tvergastein hut in the Hallingskarvet massif played an important role in Næss' life.<br /><strong>Philosophy</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Arne Næss' main philosophical work from the 1950s was entitled "<strong>Interpretation and Preciseness</strong>". This was an application of set theory to the problems of language interpretation, extending the work of such logicians as Leonhard Euler, and semanticists such as Charles Kay Ogden in <em><strong>The Meaning of Meaning</strong></em>. A simple way of explaining it is that any given utterance (word, phrase, or sentence) can be considered as having different potential interpretations, depending on prevailing language norms, the characteristics of particular persons or groups of users, and the language situation in which the utterance occurred. These differing interpretations are to be formulated in more precise language represented as subsets of the original utterance. Each subset can, in its turn, have further subsets (theoretically ad infinitum). The advantages of this conceptualisation of interpretation are various. It enables systematic demonstration of possible interpretation, making possible evaluation of which are the more and less "<em>reasonable interpretations</em>". It is a logical instrument for demonstrating language vagueness, undue generalisation, conflation, pseudo-agreement and effective communication.</p>

<p><strong><img style="float: right; margin-right: 20px; margin-left: 20px;" src="https://www.ecology.gen.tr/images/ECOLOGY2/arne-naess-2004.jpg" alt="Arne Naess" width="260" height="346" /></strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Arne Dekke Eide Næss</strong> (27 January 1912 – 12 January 2009) was the founder of deep ecology.<sup id="cite_ref-1"><a href="/environment-ecology.com/biographies/194-arne-naess.html#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup> He was the youngest person to be appointed full professor at the University of Oslo.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Næss cited <strong>Rachel Carson</strong>'s 1962 book <em><strong>Silent Spring</strong></em> as being a key influence in his vision of <strong>deep ecology</strong>. Næss combined his ecological vision with Gandhian nonviolence and on several occasions participated in direct action. In 1970, together with a large number of demonstrators, he chained himself to rocks in front of Mardalsfossen, a waterfall in a Norwegian fjord, and refused to descend until plans to build a dam were dropped. Though the demonstrators were carried away by police and the dam was eventually built, the demonstration launched a more activist phase of Norwegian environmentalism<sup id="cite_ref-2"><a href="/environment-ecology.com/biographies/194-arne-naess.html#cite_note-2">[3]</a></sup>. In 1958, Arne Næss founded the interdiciplinary journal of philosophy <em>Inquiry</em>.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Næss had been a minor political candidate for the Norwegian Green Party.<sup id="cite_ref-3"><a href="/environment-ecology.com/biographies/194-arne-naess.html#cite_note-3">[4]</a></sup></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Næss was a noted mountaineer, who in 1950 led the expedition that made the first ascent of Tirich Mir (7,708 m). The Tvergastein hut in the Hallingskarvet massif played an important role in Næss' life.<br /><strong>Philosophy</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Arne Næss' main philosophical work from the 1950s was entitled "<strong>Interpretation and Preciseness</strong>". This was an application of set theory to the problems of language interpretation, extending the work of such logicians as Leonhard Euler, and semanticists such as Charles Kay Ogden in <em><strong>The Meaning of Meaning</strong></em>. A simple way of explaining it is that any given utterance (word, phrase, or sentence) can be considered as having different potential interpretations, depending on prevailing language norms, the characteristics of particular persons or groups of users, and the language situation in which the utterance occurred. These differing interpretations are to be formulated in more precise language represented as subsets of the original utterance. Each subset can, in its turn, have further subsets (theoretically ad infinitum). The advantages of this conceptualisation of interpretation are various. It enables systematic demonstration of possible interpretation, making possible evaluation of which are the more and less "<em>reasonable interpretations</em>". It is a logical instrument for demonstrating language vagueness, undue generalisation, conflation, pseudo-agreement and effective communication.</p>